工。这样的界定是结合了前述理论对领悟实质的理解,和实证研究中对领悟的操作性定义,前半部分有助于指导研究中对领悟的识别,而后半部分是从理论角度出发的理解。但是,这个界定还只是一个理论上的定义,在实证研究中进行操作性定义时,还需要在此基础上更为细化具体。
有一个问题是,觉察能否算作领悟?除了体验疗法外,很少有其他取向对此持肯定意见,大多认为觉察只能算导向领悟的一个途径,是促进领悟的一个因素,当当事人对自己的情绪情感有所了解时,会更容易了解自己,但了解自己的体验和了解自己还是不同的两件事。根据上述对领悟的界定对此作一分析:觉察时的确有新联结的建立,在内隐体验和觉知之间建立了联结,但这一联结不是个人意义系统中成分的新联结,而是对体验的了解为意义系统增添了一个新元素,因此,觉察并不符合领悟的本质,所以笔者认为,觉察并非真正意义上的领悟。领悟是心理治疗中的“金子”,在心理治疗的淘金过程中,可能寻到“金粉”,也可能寻到“金块”,而我们现在做的是对领悟的领悟,这恰似对淘金工具的开发,淘金方法的研究,淘金路线的设计……当我们对此有更多的了解之后,或许我们的淘金之旅会更顺利,收益也更丰厚。
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HU Shu-Jing; JIANG Guang-Rong
(School of Psychology, HuaZhong Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China)
Abstract: The importance of insight in counseling has been confirmed by counseling theories and research of important events in counseling sessions. Understandings of insight are not consistent among mainstream theoretical orientations. Although diversities exist in the concept of, the content of, and the way to get insight, the establishment of new connection is recognized as the insight per se. Classification and operational definition of insight in empirical research helps to realize more clear and accurate concept of it. There hasn’t been an accurate definition of insight in counseling till now. The current study tentatively defines insight as: formations of new perception of the clients themselves and their world, with assistances of counselors, which are represented as establishment of new connections in their personal meaning systems. Key words: insight; connection; counseling