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GREGORY BATESON格雷戈里·贝特森 (1904-1980)心理学空间

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ReprintedwithpermissionfromtheAmericanAnthropologist,Volume84,Number2,June1982 GregoryBatesonwithhisdaughter,MaryCatherine GregoryBatesondiedonJuly4,1980,attheageof76,survivedbyhiswife,Lois;threechildren,MaryCatherine,John,andNora;andhisadoptedson,Eric MaryCatherine,thechildofhismarriagetoMargaretMead,isDeanofFacultyatAmherstCollegeand,likeherparents,ananthropologist Wehavebeenabletomakeuseofth

Gregory Bateson pictured here during a class meeting of theWorkshop in Education at Naropa Institute, Boulder, CO, summer, 1975.
Photo: ©: Jeff Bloom

Gregory Bateson Photo:©Jeff Bloom
To begin with, he proposed above all a way of looking at phenomena; he was visionary in the sense that one of his models, William Blake, was - he "saw" in a particular, unified, and in relation to many of his auditors and readers, original way. As Roger Keesing (1974) put it in his review ofSteps to an Ecology of Mind, "To have a vision of the world one's fellow men do not share is lonely and even frightening. . . . Gregory Bateson has been blessed, and cursed, with a mind that sees through things to a world of pattern and form that lies beyond." Keesing and a growing number of others (including ourselves) shared the vision, at least in part, and shared a conviction of its importance and urgency, but to do so was a matter of temperament and of a particular intellectual history.

Then there was the way in which the vision was presented, especially his style of oral presentation. This style worked compellingly for some, but it irritated and confused others. One of us last saw him giving a farewell lecture, or more properly presiding over a happening, at a series gloomily entitled "Famous Last Words" at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London, as part of a series that was to include the supercharismatic likes of Mother Theresa and the Dalai Lama. The intense and distinguished audience (a generally receptive group, in contrast to the annoyance Bateson stirred up in some English reviewers and cultural guardians, who were given to such remarks as that he wrote "from the intellectual lotus land of California, where eclectic theories and mystical philosophizing lie thick as Los Angeles smog. . . ." [Times Literary Supplement, Nov. 21, 1980, p. 1314,Review of Mind and Nature]) heard and watched a typical Batesonian performance. Hair and suit rumpled as always, sprawling into and over a chair which could not properly contain his six-foot-five-inch body, a mysterious smile on his face, he started somewhere in the middle of things and proceeded to ponder out loud in front of the audience. As always, he resisted preexisting structures (David Lipset has shown how this was a central theme in Bateson's career), in this case a prepared lecture or even notes for a lecture. As always, he put himself at risk in front of an audience in a procedure that, as those who attended various of his public performances will remember, sometimes failed as didactic lectures.

But at another level, as he would have characteristically put it, he risked nothing at all, for at this level he was illustrating something rather than talking about it. He was not being a lecturer, presenting material, but an exemplar, representing it. He was performing a "metalogue," a communication whose form is meant to illustrate its content. What he was trying to illustrate, as always, was that authentic, minimally erroneous communication and thought is responsive to the moment, to the condition of the presenter, the state of his understanding of his problem, and his sense of the audience. This involved considerable risk, and required some sense of trust, usually amply justified, in his listeners. But it was not for everyone.

This public stance was no different from the way he related to others in dyads and small groups, although in these situations he had clearer "feedback" to work with. Those who were susceptible to encounter with Bateson experienced an intense moment-to-moment collaboration involving an unusual sense of augmentation of intelligence. As Margaret Mead put it:

ThepeculiarqualityofGregoryBateson'smindinthewayinwhichhedistillsideasfrominteractionwithotherpeople,whichtheyinturncandistillagain,ishardtodescribe.Itiscloselyrelatedtotheideasthemselves,forhismostexcitingideas,schismogenesis,thedouble-bind,

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